Project Profile: ICE 4 (Class 412) High-Speed Train Fleet, Germany

The ICE 4 (Class 412) project is a cornerstone of Deutsche Bahn’s long-term strategy to modernize its mainline fleet, replacing legacy ICE 1 and ICE 2 assets. This initiative introduces a highly modular, energy-efficient rolling stock platform designed for enhanced capacity, operational flexibility, and cross-border interoperability. The train’s power-car concept and advanced signalling integration represent a significant technological step forward for Germany’s national rail network.

Technical Specifications

The core of the ICE 4’s design is its modularity, enabling flexible trainsets ranging from seven to fourteen cars. This is achieved through the “power-car” concept, where each self-propelled car integrates a complete traction system—transformer, converter, and motors. This distributed traction approach provides superior acceleration and redundancy compared to traditional locomotive-hauled consists. The train’s construction utilizes lightweight materials and an “empty tube” interior principle to maximize space and reduce energy consumption, fully complying with TSI PRM standards for accessibility.

For signalling and control, the ICE 4 fleet is equipped with the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 Baseline 3. This critical technology ensures seamless and safe cross-border operations, particularly on routes into Switzerland, by standardizing train control and eliminating reliance on country-specific legacy systems. Onboard passenger systems include dynamic, time-of-day adjustable lighting, real-time reservation indicators, enhanced GSM/Wi-Fi connectivity, and dedicated storage for bicycles, reflecting modern passenger service requirements.

Key Takeaways

• Strategic Fleet Modernization: The ICE 4 program represents a multi-billion-euro investment to replace aging high-speed assets, increasing overall network capacity and operational efficiency for Deutsche Bahn.
• Enhanced Operational Flexibility: The modular design allows DB to precisely match train capacity to passenger demand on specific routes, optimizing asset utilization and reducing operational costs.
• Pioneering Cross-Border Interoperability: The standardized implementation of ETCS Level 2 positions the ICE 4 as a key enabler for an integrated European high-speed rail network, improving international service reliability and safety.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

When did the ICE 4 enter service?

The ICE 4 officially entered regular passenger service in December 2017. The full fleet has been rolled out in phases over the subsequent years to progressively replace the older ICE 1 and ICE 2 trainsets across Germany’s long-distance network.

Who manufactures the ICE 4 train?

The ICE 4 train is manufactured by a consortium led by Siemens Mobility, which is responsible for the overall project leadership and core electrical and traction systems. Bombardier Transportation, now part of Alstom, served as a key partner, supplying the car bodies and bogies for the trainsets.