What is the definition of a block train?

A block train is a freight train that transports goods from a single loading point to a single destination without being split up or marshalled en route, acting as a single unit.

What is the difference between a block train and a unit train?

There is essentially no difference; the terms are used interchangeably. 'Block Train' is the standard term in Europe and international logistics, while 'Unit Train' is commonly used in North America.

Why are block trains faster than regular freight trains?

Block trains are faster because they bypass marshalling yards. Regular freight trains (Single Wagon Load) must stop at various yards to have wagons sorted, coupled, and uncoupled, which consumes significant time.

Direct to Destination: The Efficiency Power of the Block Train

Streamline rail logistics with Block Trains. Discover how point-to-point freight transport bypasses marshalling yards to deliver bulk cargo with maximum speed and efficiency.

December 11, 2025 6:20 am

What is a Block Train?

A Block Train (often called a “Unit Train” in North America) is a freight train that travels from a single origin to a single destination as a complete unit. Unlike mixed freight trains, a block train does not undergo intermediate shunting or sorting. The entire train—from the locomotives to the wagons—serves one specific customer or transports one specific type of cargo, such as coal, automotive parts, or intermodal containers.

The Point-to-Point Advantage

The defining characteristic of a block train is its “point-to-point” operation. Because the wagons are not split up to be delivered to different locations, the train bypasses Marshalling Yards entirely. This is comparable to a direct flight in aviation, whereas traditional rail freight operates more like a flight with multiple layovers and transfers.

Comparison: Block Train vs. Single Wagon Load (SWL)

Rail freight logistics is generally divided into two main categories: Block Trains and Single Wagon Load (or Wagonload) traffic.

Feature	Block Train	Single Wagon Load (SWL)
Routing	Direct (Origin to Destination)	Hub-and-Spoke (Via Yards)
Handling	No intermediate shunting	Extensive shunting & sorting
Transit Time	Fast (Continuous movement)	Slow (Wait times in yards)
Cost Efficiency	High (Economies of scale)	Lower (High handling costs)
Typical Cargo	Bulk (Coal/Ore), Containers, Cars	Small mixed batches, Chemicals

Why Logistics Companies Prefer Block Trains

For high-volume shippers, block trains offer unbeatable reliability and speed. By eliminating the unpredictability of marshalling yards, operators can guarantee precise arrival times (Slot Management). This method is the backbone of modern intermodal corridors, such as the “Iron Silk Road” connecting China and Europe, where container block trains cover thousands of kilometers without breaking formation.