Warsaw-Gdynia Railway Line Re-signalling: A Comprehensive Upgrade

This article delves into the significant re-signalling project undertaken on the Warsaw-Gdynia section of the E65 railway line (Pan-European Corridor E65). The project, completed in 2015, aimed to dramatically improve the line’s capacity, safety, and operational speed, aligning it with modern European standards for high-speed rail. This involved not only a complete overhaul of the signalling system but also extensive infrastructure upgrades across the entire 350km route. This modernization was crucial for enhancing passenger and freight transport between Warsaw and Gdynia, two major Polish cities, transforming a previously outdated line into a state-of-the-art transportation artery. The project serves as a case study in large-scale railway modernization, encompassing intricate planning, execution, and the integration of advanced technologies. This analysis explores the technical aspects of the upgrade, the economic considerations, and the overall impact on the Polish rail network.

Infrastructure Modernization

The Warsaw-Gdynia line, prior to the reconstruction, suffered from deteriorated infrastructure and speed limitations, allowing trains to operate at a maximum speed of only 120km/h. The comprehensive upgrade addressed this by replacing aging rails and sleepers, constructing new stations and passenger halts, modernizing existing stations, and improving viaducts and underpasses. Level crossings were reconstructed for enhanced safety, and track curves were adjusted to facilitate higher speeds. These improvements laid the groundwork for the implementation of the advanced signalling system.

Signalling System Upgrade and ETCS Implementation

The core of the project involved the deployment of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), specifically ETCS Level 2 (European Train Control System). This eliminated the need for traditional line-side signals, relying instead on continuous communication between the train and the radio block center via the GSM-R (GSM for Railway) radio system. This technology enables precise train control, enhancing safety and allowing for denser train schedules. While most of the line utilizes ETCS Level 2, eight local control centers retained a conventional signalling system, but equipment was upgraded to ensure ETCS compatibility. This phased approach allowed for a smoother transition and minimized disruption.

Technological Integration and Key Players

The project involved a consortium of industry leaders: Bombardier, Thales, and Nokia Siemens Networks. Bombardier’s contribution included its INTERFLO 450 ERTMS technology, EBI Com radio block center, EBI Link balise systems, INTERFLO 200 mainline technology, EBI Screen 300 central traffic control solutions, and an EBI Lock 950 computer-based interlocking system. Thales provided the ETCS Level 2 system for dispatching centers in Warsaw and Gdynia, along with an integrated passenger information system. Nokia Siemens Networks, in collaboration with Thales and Bombardier, provided the GSM-R infrastructure. The seamless integration of these technologies created a unified and efficient signaling system.

Project Scope and Financial Overview

Conclusions

The Warsaw-Gdynia railway line re-signalling project stands as a testament to the transformative power of large-scale railway modernization. The successful implementation of ERTMS Level 2 and GSM-R has significantly enhanced the line’s operational efficiency, safety, and capacity. The increase in maximum train speed to 200km/h on selected sections, coupled with improved infrastructure, has drastically reduced travel times and improved the overall passenger experience. The project’s financial scale reflects the substantial investment required for such ambitious undertakings, but the long-term benefits in terms of economic growth and improved connectivity far outweigh the initial costs. The collaboration between PKP (the Polish State Railways), the European Investment Bank, and the international consortium of Bombardier, Thales, and Nokia Siemens Networks showcases a successful model for public-private partnerships in delivering complex infrastructure projects. The integration of advanced signaling technology, while initially challenging, has resulted in a modern and efficient railway system, setting a benchmark for future railway upgrades in Poland and beyond. The project’s success underscores the vital role of technological innovation and strategic partnerships in enhancing rail transport infrastructure and fostering economic development.

Company Information:

• PKP (Polish State Railways): Poland’s national railway company.
• Bombardier Transportation: A global leader in rail technology, providing rolling stock, signaling, and services.
• Thales Group: A multinational company specializing in defense, aerospace, and transportation technologies, providing signaling solutions.
• Nokia Siemens Networks: (Now Nokia) A former joint venture providing telecommunications infrastructure, including GSM-R.
• European Investment Bank (EIB): The long-term lending institution of the European Union.