Trans-Afghanistan Railway: Gauge Decision & Regional Rail Impact (AFG, PAK, UZB)

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Introduction

The Cabinet of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, chaired by Prime Minister Mohammad Hassan Akhund, has approved the determination of the track gauge for the Trans-Afghanistan Railway. The gauge has been set at 1,520 mm, with consideration for a 1,435 mm gauge to ensure compatibility with neighboring railway systems.

Gauge Determination

During the eighth Cabinet meeting, national development matters, including the gauge for the proposed Trans-Afghanistan Railway, were discussed. Following the meeting, the delegation’s report concerning the determination of the gauge for the new railway line extending from Hairatan to Spin Boldak was approved. The track gauge has been set at 1,520 mm, while also taking into consideration the 1,435 mm gauge to ensure compatibility with neighbouring railway systems.

Project Background and Agreements

In July 2025, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan signed a tripartite framework agreement in Kabul to initiate a feasibility study for the Trans-Afghan Railway project. This agreement aims to accelerate the planning and implementation of a corridor that could significantly enhance regional connectivity. In 2021, the three countries signed an agreement on the construction of the corridor.

Corridor Details and Scope

Originally proposed by Uzbekistan in 2018, the corridor is intended to extend the railway from Mazar-e-Sharif to Kabul, continuing eastward to Nangarhar Province, crossing the Torkham border into Pakistan, and linking ultimately to Peshawar. The proposed railway corridor will stretch over 700 km across Afghanistan, providing a land bridge between Central Asia and the Arabian Sea. The estimated cost of the project is USD 5–7 billion.

Significance and Potential Impacts

The Trans-Afghanistan Railway has the potential to strengthen diplomatic ties among Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. For Afghanistan, the project symbolises an opportunity to transition from being a landlocked country dependent on road transport. Successful implementation of the railway would support job creation and stimulate investment in local industries. Challenges remain, including the need for security guarantees, sustainable financing, and modern infrastructure standards.

Conclusion

The Cabinet of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has approved the track gauge for the Trans-Afghanistan Railway, set at 1,520 mm, with consideration for a 1,435 mm gauge. The project, with an estimated cost of USD 5–7 billion, is a collaborative effort between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan, with the aim of enhancing regional connectivity and fostering economic growth.

Company Summary

Uzbekistan: Originally proposed the Trans-Afghanistan Railway project in 2018.

Pakistan: Involved in the tripartite agreements for the Trans-Afghan Railway project.

Afghanistan: Involved in the tripartite agreements for the Trans-Afghan Railway project and the location of the railway’s main route.

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