Metro do Porto – Railway Technology

This article explores the technological advancements and infrastructural developments implemented in the construction and operation of the Porto Metro (Metro do Porto), a significant light rail system in Portugal. The project, initiated in the mid-1990s, aimed to alleviate traffic congestion in Porto and provide efficient public transport connections to surrounding areas. This involved not only the construction of new lines but also the extensive modernization of existing suburban railway lines. The project’s success lies in its seamless integration of modern railway technology, innovative infrastructure design, and careful consideration of urban planning and passenger needs. We will delve into the rolling stock, infrastructure, signaling systems, and future expansion plans, analyzing the technical choices made and their impact on the system’s overall efficiency and passenger experience. The ambitious scope and multifaceted nature of this project serve as a valuable case study for future light rail and metro developments worldwide, highlighting best practices and potential challenges in urban transportation planning and execution.

Project Overview

The Porto Metro project, launched in the mid-1990s, aimed to create a comprehensive light rail network spanning 70 km (43.5 miles). This involved constructing 20 km (12.5 miles) of new track within the city center and upgrading approximately 50 km (31 miles) of existing suburban railway lines. The project’s integrated approach combined new construction with the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, creating a unified public transport system. The Normetro consortium, a joint venture of several companies, was awarded a five-year operations contract beginning in 2004. The project significantly improved connectivity within Porto and its surrounding areas, easing traffic congestion and offering a modern, efficient public transportation solution.

Rolling Stock and Technology

The Porto Metro utilizes a fleet of 72 Flexity Outlook trams (formerly marketed as Eurotrams), each comprising seven modules and weighing 40.5 tons. Manufactured at Bombardier’s Amadora plant in Portugal, these trams are virtually identical to those operating in other European cities. Key features include a 100% low-floor design for accessibility, air conditioning, passenger information systems, and enhanced safety measures through the use of fire-resistant materials and a robust outer shell designed to withstand high-speed impacts. The trams boast a top speed of 80 km/h and are equipped for handicapped accessibility. The high percentage of windowed surface improves passenger visibility and natural lighting within the vehicles. This rolling stock selection demonstrates a commitment to modern, accessible, and safe passenger transport.

Infrastructure and Design

The construction of the Porto Metro prioritized minimal disruption to the city. Approximately 7 km (4.3 miles) of new lines in the city center were built underground, preserving historical buildings and avoiding extensive roadworks. Stations, positioned roughly 750 meters apart for optimal accessibility, are equipped with advanced information systems. The initial 12 km (7.5 miles) Blue Line connected the city center to Matosinhos. A crucial aspect of the project involved the regauging of 50 km (31 miles) of existing narrow-gauge (1,000mm) railway lines to standard gauge (1,435mm), upgrading them to light rail standards. This included the complete remodelling of all stations along these lines. The integration of the upgraded lines into the new network showcased the city’s commitment to both modernization and the efficient use of existing infrastructure. The incorporation of tunneling and the strategic placement of stations demonstrate a commitment to urban planning and the minimization of disruption.

Signalling and Communications

Bombardier Transportation (Portugal) supplied the electrical and mechanical subsystems, including the signalling, power supply, radio communication systems, and depot equipment. The signalling system employs conventional light rail methods, monitored from a central control center. However, drivers retain the capability to override controls when necessary, providing flexibility and safety. The system’s capacity caters to peak hour demands, with the ability to accommodate up to 9,000 passengers per hour in each direction, as demonstrated by successful trials in 2003. The integration of advanced signalling and communication technologies ensures efficient operation and smooth passenger flow.

Project Summary and Conclusion

The Porto Metro project represents a significant achievement in urban transportation planning and execution. Its success stems from a multi-faceted approach that integrates new construction with the strategic rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, resulting in a unified and efficient public transportation network. The project’s careful urban planning, use of advanced technology, and focus on passenger experience resulted in a modern and accessible light rail system. The seamless integration of various technologies and the advanced signaling system allow for efficient movement of high passenger volume. The commitment to accessibility is demonstrated by the 100% low-floor design of the trams and the strategic station placement. The long-term vision for expansion points towards an ever-evolving and increasingly integrated transportation system. The project’s initial success and planned expansion indicate a commitment to providing sustainable, efficient, and accessible public transportation for the Porto region. Future expansion plans underscore a continuing commitment to improving connectivity and addressing the region’s evolving transportation needs.

Company Information:

• Bombardier Transportation: A global leader in rail technology, providing rolling stock, signalling, and other railway systems.
• Soares de Costa: A Portuguese construction and engineering company.
• Semaly: Information unavailable.
• ABB Sadelmi: Part of ABB, a global technology company providing power and automation solutions, including electrical installations.
• Transdev: A global public transport operator.