Light and Heavy Rail Developments – Railway Technology

This article explores the significant advancements in both light and heavy rail infrastructure in Morocco, focusing on a multifaceted project that includes the construction of a high-speed rail line and the implementation of light rail transit (LRT) systems in major cities. The project aims to modernize Morocco’s railway network, enhance passenger capacity, reduce travel times, and alleviate road congestion. This ambitious undertaking involved substantial investment, international collaboration, and the integration of cutting-edge railway technologies. The analysis will delve into the technical specifications of the high-speed line, the characteristics of the LRT systems, the rolling stock employed, and the signalling and communication systems implemented. Furthermore, we will examine the long-term vision for the expansion of Morocco’s rail infrastructure and its potential impact on regional connectivity.

High-Speed Rail Development

The core of the project is the development of a high-speed rail (HSR) line connecting Tangier to Casablanca, two major economic hubs in Morocco. This 308km (191-mile) route is designed for a maximum speed of 320km/h (200mph), drastically reducing the travel time between the two cities from the current 5 hours to approximately 2 hours and 10 minutes. The project, awarded on a Design, Build, Operate, and Maintain (DBOM) basis, represents a significant investment of $2.61 billion. The initial phase focused on a 200km (125-mile) section between Tangier and Kenitra, utilizing 25kV AC electrification, a departure from the existing 3kV DC system on the conventional network. This project demonstrates a commitment to upgrading Morocco’s railway infrastructure to accommodate increasing passenger demand and boost national connectivity.

Light Rail Transit Implementation

Complementing the HSR project, the development of light rail transit (LRT) systems in Rabat and Salé addresses the growing urban transportation challenges. Two LRT lines, totaling 19km, were constructed, serving 32 stations and connecting the twin cities. This initiative aimed to alleviate severe road congestion impacting the 650,000 daily commuters traveling between Rabat and Salé. The LRT lines also integrate with a new residential and leisure area undergoing development, demonstrating a holistic approach to urban planning and transportation integration. The selection of Alstom’s Citadis trams signifies a focus on proven technology for efficient and reliable urban transit.

Rolling Stock and Infrastructure

The project involved the procurement of significant rolling stock. This included 18 high-density TGV Duplex (double-deck) sets for the HSR line, showcasing Alstom’s expertise in high-speed rail technology. In addition, 40 Citadis trams were delivered for the LRT network in Rabat and Salé, configured as coupled double 30m sets, offering high capacity for urban transit needs. Furthermore, a separate contract saw the delivery of 20 high-power Prima electric locomotives to ONCFM for freight and passenger services across the wider Moroccan network. This diverse range of rolling stock underscores the commitment to modernizing both high-speed and conventional rail services.

Signalling and Communication Systems

The signalling and communication systems employed are integral to the safety and efficiency of both the HSR and LRT networks. The HSR line utilizes a modern train control system, eliminating the need for lineside signals along dedicated tracks while ensuring compatibility with the conventional network. The LRT system, similarly, incorporates advanced signalling to manage the movement of trams safely and efficiently. The integration of these sophisticated systems ensures optimal operational performance and passenger safety throughout the network.

Project Summary and Conclusion

The Moroccan rail modernization project showcases a comprehensive approach to upgrading both high-speed and urban rail infrastructure. The project’s success hinges on effective collaboration between national agencies, such as ONCFM (Office National des Chemins de Fer du Maroc), and international partners like SNCF International and Alstom. The integration of modern technologies and innovative design approaches is evident throughout the project, from the high-speed rail line’s advanced signaling system to the efficient design of the LRT network.

The project’s long-term vision extends beyond the initial Tangier-Casablanca HSR line and the Rabat-Salé LRT system. Future plans include a substantial expansion of the high-speed network, potentially reaching 1,500km by 2030-2035, with lines connecting key cities across the country. The ambitious goal of connecting Europe and Africa via a rail tunnel under the Strait of Gibraltar further underscores the transformative potential of this project. This undertaking not only improves transportation efficiency and passenger comfort but also contributes to economic development and regional integration, reducing reliance on road transport and improving the safety and overall quality of life. The successful implementation of this project offers a valuable case study for other nations looking to modernize their rail infrastructure.

Company Information:

• ONCFM (Office National des Chemins de Fer du Maroc): The national railway operator of Morocco.
• SNCF International: The international branch of the French national railway company.
• Systra: A global engineering and consulting firm specializing in transport infrastructure.
• Alstom: A multinational company that designs, manufactures, and maintains rail transport systems.