Alstom’s BEMU Strategy: Decarbonizing Rail in Europe & Beyond

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Introduction

At the Railway Days 2025 conference in Bucharest, Nicolae Dragu, Rolling Stock Director at Alstom Transport Romania, discussed Alstom’s strategy for railway decarbonization using battery-electric multiple units (BEMUs).

Railway Decarbonisation Strategy

Nicolae Dragu addressed the need for efficient traction solutions that can operate on both electrified and non-electrified sections. He stated that while electrification is the most efficient long-term solution, BEMUs offer a faster, cleaner alternative. The BEMUs combine the performance of conventional electric trains with on-board battery systems that recharge under the catenary or through regenerative braking. When operating on non-electrified track, the train switches automatically to battery mode, maintaining identical comfort and speed levels while producing zero direct emissions.

BEMU Platforms and Operational Capabilities

Dragu explained that Alstom’s latest BEMU platforms, such as Coradia Continental and X’trapolis, provide ranges of 80–120 km in battery mode. These trains recharge at terminal stations or “charging islands” along the route. This concept is already used in Germany, France, and Ireland, enabling operators to extend electrified service without waiting for full network upgrades.

Applications and Benefits of BEMUs

Dragu highlighted that battery trains are effective for regional and commuter services. They require lower initial investment, have shorter delivery timelines, and can decarbonize transport on secondary lines where traffic density is moderate.

Sustainability and Circular Economy

The presentation also addressed the sustainability of battery systems. Alstom batteries are designed for a 7–10-year lifespan, after which they can be repurposed for stationary energy-storage applications. Up to 95% of materials can be recycled. Dragu highlighted Alstom’s “second-life” and recycling partnerships, noting that the company already offers full end-of-life solutions for traction batteries.